What is the main cause of acne vulgaris?

The primary cause of acne vulgaris is excess oil production. The skin has oil glands, or sebaceous glands, that secrete sebum, which helps to keep the skin moisturized. However, when these glands produce too much oil, it can lead to clogged pores. These clogged pores trap dead skin cells and bacteria, creating an ideal environment for acne to form. Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during puberty or menstruation, can often increase oil production and exacerbate the condition.

While bacterial infection is associated with the progression of acne, particularly in the inflammation stage, it is not the root cause. Allergic reactions and sun exposure may affect the skin's appearance or condition but do not directly lead to the formation of acne vulgaris. Thus, understanding that excess oil production is the fundamental factor in acne vulgaris highlights the importance of skin care practices that help regulate oil levels and keep pores clear.