What is the primary function of sebaceous glands in the skin?

The primary function of sebaceous glands is to secrete sebum, which is an oily substance that plays a critical role in maintaining skin hydration and health. Sebum helps to lubricate the skin and hair, preventing them from becoming dry and brittle. This natural oil also creates a barrier that protects the skin from environmental factors such as bacteria and fungi, contributing to the overall integrity of the skin.

Additionally, the production of sebum is influenced by hormones, particularly androgens, which can increase during puberty and lead to changes in skin conditions, such as acne. By keeping the skin moist and supple, sebaceous glands are essential in maintaining the skin's barrier function and overall hydration levels, which is vital for healthy skin appearance and function.